Armfield Engineering Education
WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES
W3 Permeability/Fluidisation Studies Apparatus - Issue 8
The Armfield Permeability/Fluidisation Studies Apparatus is designed for students to measure and understand the characteristics of flow through a bed of particles. Such flows occur both naturally (in certain ground water situations) and in process plant designs.
The apparatus can also be used for a part of the testing of media for water and waste water filtration.
ORDERING SPECIFICATION
• Apparatus to verify Darcy's Law, to examine Kozeny's equation and to observe liquid fluidisation behaviour of a granular bed.
• Equipment consists of a metal framework, constant head tank and transparent test section for observation. Flow is indicated by a Rotameter.
• A 0.5m water differential manometer and 0.5m Mercury manometer are included for pressure drop across the bed.
Demonstration Capabilities
> pressure drop measurements and correlations for flow through packed
beds
> verification of Kozeny's equation
> characteristics of a liquid fluidised bed
> measurement of permeability of selected solids
> attrition tests.
Description
A bed of granular medium (usually sand, but other materials can be used such as Ballotini or anthracite) is placed in a readily demountable tube through which water can be made to flow in either a downwards or upwards direction.
Flow from a laboratory tap passes through a constant head tank, which also allows air bubbles to be released, and is controlled by hand with a needle valve. The rate of flow is indicated by a variable area meter.
Pressure drop across the bed can be measured either by a 0.5m length water differential manometer or a 0.5m length Mercury manometer (see recommended accessories), depending on the magnitude. Valves are fitted for isolation of various parts of the circuit, together with air release valves.
The test section tube and all tubing connections are transparent so that operation can be observed and the presence of air bubbles easily detected. All metal fittings are corrosion resistant.
No power connections are required and the whole apparatus can be lifted and transported by one person. Test material (Ballotini) for the packed bed is supplied but Mercury for the manometer is not included.
Technical Details
Sample tube I/D: 38mm
Sample tube length: 507mm
Flow meter range:
50-800ml/min
0.5m water differential manometer
0.5m Mercury manometer
Recommended Accessories/instruments
Mercury thermometer
Sieve Shaker
Alternative bed materials (e.g. sand, anthracite)
Mercury for manometer (alternatively we can supply a Portable Pressure Meter: H12-8, ask for H Series Data Sheet)
Requirements
Water Supply:
0.80 litres/min (max) at 0.5 bar gauge
Shipping specification
Volume 1.5m3
Gross weight: 150kg
Overall dimensions
Height: 0.79m
Width: 0.68m
Depth: 0.25m
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